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Module CC-09 · Version 1.0

Laboratory Diagnosis of Diabetes

Work through which laboratory findings can establish diabetes or increased glycemic risk in a nonpregnant adult, when a single abnormal result is enough versus when confirmation is required, and which specimen, hemoglobin, and assay conditions can make a criterion unreliable.

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Who this module is for

Clinical laboratory scientists and students working toward independent bench reporting of chemistry and point-of-care glucose results.

Learning objectives

  • Distinguish the roles of fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance testing, random plasma glucose, and A1c in diagnosing diabetes.
  • Recognize when repeat confirmation, classic hyperglycemia symptoms, or a second abnormal test is required before a diagnosis stands.
  • Identify specimen, hemoglobin, red-cell-turnover, and assay conditions that can make a glucose or A1c criterion unreliable.

How completion works

Mark every required section done and answer every knowledge check in those sections correctly. The final save completes the module automatically.

Sources

15 sources

  1. 1. American Diabetes Association. "2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026." Diabetes Care 49(Suppl 1):S27, 2026.

    Source note · professional society guidance

  2. 2. National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP). "NGSP Home / Program Overview."

    Source note · professional society guidance

  3. 3. NGSP. "Factors that Interfere with HbA1c Test Results."

    Source note · professional society guidance

  4. 4. NGSP. "HbA1c Assay Interferences (hemoglobin variants)."

    Source note · professional society guidance

  5. 5. NGSP/IFCC Manufacturer's Meeting minutes, 2023.

    Source note · professional society guidance

  6. 6. NGSP. "Clinical Use" (A1c and glucose discordance, high-A1c interference threshold guidance).

    Source note · professional society guidance

  7. 7. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. POCT12-A3, Point-of-Care Blood Glucose Testing in Acute and Chronic Care Facilities, 3rd ed., January 2013 (reaffirmed September 2018).

    Source note · consensus standard

  8. 8. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. PRE04-Ed1, Handling, Transport, Processing, and Storage of Blood Specimens for Routine Laboratory Examinations, 1st ed., published August 3, 2023.

    Source note · consensus standard

  9. 9. 42 CFR 493.15, "Laboratories performing waived tests," eCFR current version.

    Source note · federal regulation

  10. 10. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. "Directions on the Off-Label/Modified Use of Waived Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems (BGMS)," Survey and Certification Letter 15-11.

    Source note · federal regulation

  11. 11. College of American Pathologists. "Monitoring Performance of Glucose Meters FAQs."

    Source note · accreditation standard

  12. 12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. "Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices."

    Source note · federal regulation

  13. 13. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Scientific Division Working Group on Selective Electrodes. "Recommendation on Reporting Results for Blood Glucose."

    Source note · peer-reviewed literature

  14. 14. StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf). "Glucose Tolerance Test."

    Source note · peer-reviewed literature

  15. 15. Sacks DB et al. "Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus." Diabetes Care, cited via NCBI PMC reprint.

    Source note · peer-reviewed literature