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Module CC-24 · Version 1.0

Sepsis Biomarkers: Uses and Limitations

Use lactate, procalcitonin, CRP, culture timing, and evidence labels as time-dependent adjuncts without turning any single result into a sepsis diagnosis.

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Who this module is for

Medical laboratory scientists and laboratory professionals interpreting or releasing sepsis-workup biomarkers.

Learning objectives

  • Explain the distinct physiological signal represented by lactate, procalcitonin, and CRP.
  • Interpret serial change and timing rather than isolated values.
  • State clearly why no single biomarker rules sepsis in or out.

How completion works

Mark every required section done and answer every knowledge check in those sections correctly. The final save completes the module automatically.

Sources

14 sources

  1. 1. Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801-810.

    Source note · peer-reviewed literature

  2. 2. Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47:1181-1247.

    Source note · professional society guidance

  3. 3. Prescott HC, Antonelli M, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2026. Intensive Care Med. 2026.

    Source note · professional society guidance

  4. 4. CLSI. PRE04, Handling, Transport, Processing, and Storage of Blood Specimens for Routine Laboratory Examinations, 1st ed. August 2023.

    Source note · consensus standard

  5. 5. Analytical performance of three whole blood point-of-care lactate devices compared to plasma lactate comparison methods. PubMed 27836621.

    Source note · peer-reviewed literature

  6. 6. Non-Infectious Causes for Elevated Procalcitonin. PMC13028110.

    Source note · peer-reviewed literature

  7. 7. Meisner M, et al. Modulation and source of procalcitonin in reduced renal function and renal replacement therapy. PubMed 15683455.

    Source note · peer-reviewed literature

  8. 8. FDA 510(k) Summary, VIDAS B.R.A.H.M.S PCT Assay, K071146. bioMerieux.

    Source note · manufacturer labeling

  9. 9. C-reactive protein in adult sepsis: systematic review and meta-analysis. PMC12795679.

    Source note · peer-reviewed literature

  10. 10. Miller JM, et al. A Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2024 Update by IDSA and ASM.

    Source note · professional society guidance

  11. 11. Cheng MP, et al. Impact of antibiotic administration on blood culture positivity at the beginning of sepsis. PubMed 29879482.

    Source note · peer-reviewed literature

  12. 12. 42 CFR 493.1291, Standard: Test report, subsection (g).

    Source note · federal regulation

  13. 13. Larsen FF, Petersen JA. Current evidence and limitation of biomarkers for detecting sepsis and systemic infection. PMC7697922.

    Source note · peer-reviewed literature

  14. 14. FDA De Novo marketing authorization summary, Prenosis Sepsis ImmunoScore, April 2024.

    Source note · federal regulation