Study cards
Immunology
20 cards from 2 lessons in Immunology, each linking to the passage it came from.
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Immune System Physiology and Immunoglobulins
What do innate immune receptors recognize?
Conserved microbial patterns and signals of tissue injury.
What makes an adaptive response faster after repeat exposure to the same antigen?
Antigen-specific memory B and T cells.
Where do human B cells and T cells develop?
B cells develop in bone marrow; T cells develop in the thymus.
Read the passage: Lymphoid organs and lymphocyte development
Which T-cell subset usually recognizes peptides presented by MHC class I?
Which T-cell subset usually recognizes peptides presented by MHC class II?
Which immunoglobulin class crosses the placenta in physiologically important amounts?
IgG, transported through FcRn.
What is the usual secreted form of IgM?
A pentamer associated with a J chain.
Which immunoglobulin predominates in mucosal secretions, and what is its usual secretory form?
IgA, usually a dimer with a J chain and secretory component.
Which immunoglobulin binds FcεRI on mast cells and basophils?
Which two immunoglobulin classes are usually coexpressed on mature naïve B cells?
IgM and IgD, with the same antigen specificity.
Read the passage: Lymphoid organs and lymphocyte development
Antigen-Antibody Interactions and Complement
What does antibody affinity describe?
The binding strength between one antigen-binding site and one epitope.
What does antibody avidity describe?
The combined binding strength of multiple antigen-antibody interactions.
Which excess causes the prozone effect?
Antibody excess.
Too few antigen bridges can produce a weak or nonreactive result. Validated specimen dilutions can restore the reaction.
Which excess causes the postzone effect?
Antigen excess.
Small soluble complexes can produce a falsely low or nonreactive result. Follow the assay’s dilution or high-dose protocol.
Which complement components form the membrane attack complex?
C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9.
Which complement fragments coat targets and bind CR1 for clearance?
Which complement fragment is a strong leukocyte chemoattractant?
Which pathways does CH50 assess?
The classical pathway and the shared terminal pathway.
Which pathways does AH50 assess?
The alternative pathway and the shared terminal pathway.
What can low CH50 and AH50 together indicate?
A shared C3 or terminal-pathway defect, complement consumption, therapeutic inhibition, or a specimen handling problem.
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