What this case supports, and what it does not

Distinguishing air-displacement from positive-displacement pipettes, connecting technique steps to delivery errors, and calculating mean delivered volume, bias, SD, and CV from gravimetric replicate data support a pass or fail decision only against the laboratory's supplied criteria and the applicable manufacturer specification.

For multichannel assessment, gravimetry is low throughput when channels are checked one at a time; photometric methods can support plate-based assessment. The procedure determines the applicable pipette instructions, criteria, and maintenance controls.

When a pipette result looks borderline, check technique first, then tip seal and liquid conditions, before you decide the device itself needs service.