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Hematology

Blood cell production and disorders, cell counts and morphology, coagulation, and special studies.

Lessons
14
Sections
8
Sources checked
Aug 29 – Sep 11, 2026

Erythrocyte Physiology

  1. Hematopoiesis, Erythropoiesis, and Erythrocyte PhysiologyStart here

    Marrow organization, erythroid maturation, erythropoietin, red-cell clearance, membrane structure, and hemoglobin function form a continuous red-cell life cycle.

Erythrocyte Disorders

  1. Anemia Evaluation and Microcytic and Macrocytic AnemiasUpdated

    Major microcytic and macrocytic anemia patterns are distinguished by CBC indices, reticulocyte output, morphology, iron studies, hemoglobin analysis, and vitamin testing.

  2. Hemolytic and Hypoproliferative Anemias, Erythrocytosis, and Hemoglobin Variants

    Hemolysis findings, marrow-response patterns, erythrocytosis testing, and hemoglobin analysis distinguish major red-cell membrane, enzyme, production, and structural disorders.

Leukocyte Disorders

  1. Benign Leukocyte Disorders and Reactive Blood Patterns

    Absolute leukocyte counts and blood-film morphology distinguish common reactive myeloid and lymphoid patterns from findings that require targeted follow-up.

  2. Myeloid Neoplasia

    Integrated blood, marrow, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular findings classify acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic neoplasms, overlap disorders, and myeloproliferative neoplasms.

  3. Lymphoid Neoplasia

    Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, mature lymphoid neoplasms, and plasma-cell dyscrasias are distinguished by morphology, blood and marrow involvement, immunophenotype, and defining genetics.

  4. Hereditary Leukocyte Anomalies

    Inherited abnormalities of leukocyte count, morphology, and function appear on the CBC and blood film, and each pattern is confirmed through a specific immune or hematologic workup.

Platelet Disorders

  1. Quantitative Platelet Disorders

    Classify thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis by production, destruction, consumption, sequestration, clonal disease, or artifact, and recognize the urgent laboratory patterns.

  2. Qualitative Platelet Defects

    Von Willebrand disease, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, Glanzmann thrombasthenia, and storage-pool defects are distinguished by adhesion, aggregation, secretion, morphology, and laboratory pattern.

Cell Counts

  1. Manual and Automated Cell Counts, Reticulocytes, and Body-Fluid Hematology

    Manual chamber counts, automated cell counters, reticulocyte methods, and body-fluid hematology each have defined interferences, corrections, and validation requirements for reliable reporting.

Differentials, Morphology, and Hemoglobin Methods

  1. Differentials, Blood Film Morphology, Indices, Hemoglobin Methods, and HematocritUpdated

    Use the blood film, differential count, red cell indices, hemoglobin methods, and hematocrit together in the CBC workup, and recognize their common interferences.

Flow Cytometry and Special Studies

  1. Hemolytic Indicators, Special Stains, Other Studies, and Flow Cytometry

    Use the hemolysis workup, cytochemical and iron stains, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, G6PD testing, and flow cytometry to relate laboratory patterns to marrow response, lineage, and clonality.

Coagulation

  1. Molecular Hematology and Coagulation Physiology

    Cytogenetic and molecular methods detect and characterize hematologic abnormalities. Vascular, platelet, coagulation, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic reactions maintain hemostasis.

  2. Hemostasis Disease States and Laboratory DeterminationsUpdated

    Bleeding and thrombotic disorders are distinguished by the specimen, screening pattern, mixing response, targeted factor and inhibitor assays, platelet studies, thrombophilia tests, and anticoagulant measurements.